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網誌分類:投資 - 衍生產品 |
網誌日期:2006-08-19 15:03

為什麼很多時候認股證的價格跟不上正股變化,個人認為最主要的原因是認股證的引伸波幅改變了。在談論相對資產的波動率對認股證價格影響前,投資者可先認識什麼是相對資產的波動率 一般而言,投資者可用1.歷史波幅、2.引伸波幅及3.實際波幅去理解。

1. 歷史波幅是統計數字、是按照過去正股股價的實際波動幅度計算。簡單來說,正股的歷史波幅是按過去一段時間股價每天變動百份比的標準差(standard deviation)代表。

2. 引伸波幅則是利用期權計價模型,輸入認股證價格、行使價、正股現價、到期日等參數,計算出的波動幅度的預期。認股證引伸波幅高低,主要受市場供求及投資氣氛影響。

3. 實際波幅是正股最終發生的波動幅度。

簡單來說,歷史波幅是反映正股過往的波動表現;引伸波幅是反映投資者對正股未來波動幅度預期;實際波幅是正股最終發生的波動幅度。

由於發行商訂定輪價的引伸波幅時,一般會訂於正股的歷史波幅之上,以鎖定利潤。因此,若投資者預期將來正股價格影響因素沒有重大改變,認股證的引伸波幅與正股的歷史波幅差距越小,對投資者越有利。

 

(待續)

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  • 檢舉

    Asia Bond Geek 2006-08-28 01:42

    Hi,

    what I meant by differential is the difference between historical vol & implied vol.  Smaller is better but individual investors are still at a disadvantage because implied vol is "man-made"

    Actually, the greeks are the terms in the differential equation.

    direction, decaying rate of time value and volatility  are delta, theta and vega

    My former boss is a fund manager, not only he didn't get fired but got promoted.  Fund managers usually try to outperform by taking excessive risk, ask for more money and go to another shop. 

    Mr. Chung Man Wing is a great example....


  • 檢舉

    傲翔 2006-08-27 12:49

    Hi Asia Bond Geek,

    Thanks for your comments! Since I am not a professional derivatives trader, if I have any mistake in my articles, pls don't hesitate to drop me a message to my blog.

    For the article with differential contents, I would like to discuss the relation between modern physics and option (not for a trading strategy). Traders (option/warrant issuers) don't care about differential equation as I know. They prefer to use the "Greek letters" or simply the "Greek". Each Greek measures a different dimension of the risk in an option/warrant position and the aim of a trader is to manage the Greeks so that all risks are acceptable. In my experience of investing warrant, I care about direction, decaying rate of time value and volatility mainly.

    For historical volatility, I think this is a good reference for option/warrant trading. For example, the historical volatility of H share warrant is going downward after tightening measures from central government, if investors assume the effect of tightening measures would be gone after six months and market is going crazy on H share again (as similar as April), investors might compare the different between recent and April data (historical volatility) to estimate the volatility after six months based on above assumption. Meanwhile, if above assumption doesn't happen in the path of coming six months (comparing with historical data), investors should close their position, in my view.

    If any investors like to write an option (=option issuer), they could do this in HKEx. But it should have a risk management if any holds a naked position of writing an option.

    In my experience, fund managers and analysts (buy side) would be fired because of the underperformance of their portfolio. They would not get fired because of losing few percent of their portfolio, but it would happen if they were underperformed for few quarters. Even the big boss can understand and accept it, the clients (fund of funds, insurance company and some big) might ask the big boss to do something for improving the situation. Otherwise, they might withdraw the investment. The fund managers might have one more quarter to try (or might not have). If the fund managers can't be turnaround, what could the big boss do?

  • 檢舉

    傲翔 2006-08-27 12:48

    Hi Asia Bond Geek,

     

    Thanks for your comments! Since I am not a professional derivatives trader, if I have any mistake in my articles, pls don't hesitate to drop me a message to my blog.

     

    For the article with differential contents, I would like to discuss the relation between modern physics and option (not for a trading strategy). Traders (option/warrant issuers) don't care about differential equation as I know. They prefer to use the "Greek letters" or simply the "Greek". Each Greek measures a different dimension of the risk in an option/warrant position and the aim of a trader is to manage the Greeks so that all risks are acceptable. In my experience of investing warrant, I care about direction, decaying rate of time value and volatility mainly.

     

    For historical volatility, I think this is a good reference for option/warrant trading. For example, the historical volatility of H share warrant is going downward after tightening measures from central government, if investors assume the effect of tightening measures would be gone after six months and market is going crazy on H share again (as similar as April), investors might compare the different between recent and April data (historical volatility) to estimate the volatility after six months based on above assumption. Meanwhile, if above assumption doesn't happen in the path of coming six months (comparing with historical data), investors should close their position, in my view.

     

    If any investors like to write an option (=option issuer), they could do this in HKEx. But it should have a risk management if any holds a naked position of writing an option.

     

    In my experience, fund managers and analysts (buy side) would be fired because of the underperformance of their portfolio. They would not get fired because of losing few percent of their portfolio, but it would happen if they were underperformed for few quarters. Even the big boss can understand and accept it, the clients (fund of funds, insurance company and some big) might ask the big boss to do something for improving the situation. Otherwise, they might withdraw the investment. The fund managers might have one more quarter to try (or might not have). If the fund managers can't be turnaround, what could the big boss do?
  • 檢舉

    Asia Bond Geek 2006-08-26 12:10

    "認股證的引伸波幅與正股的歷史波幅差距越小,對投資者越有利。"

    As an investor, you are still paying the differential.  Also, historical?  What range of historical?  3 months, 6 months, 2 years interval?  How about weekly vs daily vs monthly? 

    It doesn't have to, if you find a way to be on the "Market-maker" side.

    Also, fund managers and analysts don't have to be fired if they lost money for their clients.  I did, and I was never fired for that....



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